NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Social Science Chapter 4: Climate
NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4
The NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Climate are designed by the subject matter experts at NCERTSolutions to help the students prepare for their CBSE Term II examination. Students should have read Chapters 2 and 3 to learn about the landforms and drainage systems in our nation. The kids have studied these two fundamental concepts. In this lesson, they’ll learn about a third element: atmospheric conditions.
The chapter deals with the climatic condition of India, factors affecting the climate of India, Indian monsoon, onset and withdrawal of monsoon, different seasons in India and distribution of rainfall.
In the exercise area, students will find questions pertaining to these subjects. We have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Climate with answers to the exercise questions in PDF. Students can download the PDF from the link given below and refer to it for the preparation of their CBSE Term II Exam.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Studies (Geography) Chapter 4 – Climate
The solutions for Geography Chapter 4 are given below. Students can also refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 9 for other subjects.
exercise page number 39
1. Choose the correct answer from the four options given below.
(i) Which of the following places receives maximum rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar
(b) Masinram
(c) Cherrapunji
(d) Guwahati
Answer:
Mawsynram
(ii) The winds blowing in the northern plains in summer are called:
(A) Kaal Baisakhi
(b) Lu
(c) trade winds
(d) none of the above
Answer:
Lining
(iii) Which of the following causes rainfall during winter in the north-western part of India?
(A) cyclonic depression
(b) retreating monsoon
(c) Western Disturbance
(d) South West Monsoon
Answer:
western disturbance
(iv) Monsoon arrives in India around:
(a) early May
(b) early July
(c) early June
(d) early August
Answer:
early June
Class 9 Geography
(v) Which of the following is a characteristic of the cold-season climate in India?
(a) hot days and hot nights
(b) hot days and cold nights
(c) cold days and cold nights
(d) cold days and warm nights
Answer:
Hot days and cool nights.
2. Give short answers to the following questions.
(i) What are the factors affecting the climate of India?
Answer:
The factors affecting the climate of India are
1. Latitude
2. Height
3. Pressure and Winds
(ii) Why does India have monsoon type climate?
Answer:
India’s weather is referred to as “monsoon” kind. The seasonal reversal in wind direction throughout the year is referred to as a monsoon.
A specific seasonal pattern characterises the monsoon type of climate. The weather conditions change a lot from one season to another.Particularly obvious are these alterations in the country’s heartland. There is not much variation in temperature in the coastal regions, although there is variation in the rainfall pattern.
Four main seasons can be identified in India – the cold season, the warm season, the advancing monsoon and the retreating monsoon with some regional variations.
The monsoon winds have a significant impact on the climate in India. The monsoon season lasts from early June to mid-September for 100 to 120 days.
(iii) Which part of India has the highest range of daily temperature and why?
Answer:
This phenomena is being experienced in parts of northwest India. The reason for this effect is the Thar desert. Furthermore, there is no ocean to moderate the temperature in this region.
(iv) Which winds cause rain on the Malabar Coast?
Answer:
The south west monsoon winds are responsible for the rainfall on the Malabar Coast.
(v) What are jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
Answer:
The jet stream is a narrow band of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. From roughly 110 km/h in the summer to about 184 km/h in the winter, is the range of their speed. Several different jet streams have been identified. The mid-latitude and subtropical jet stream is the most steady. During the monsoon season, they make people depressed.
(vi) Define monsoon. What does “break” mean in the monsoon?
Answer:
The movement of the monsoon trough is related to monsoon breaks. Due to various reasons the trough and its axis keep on moving towards north or south, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall. When the axis of monsoon is on the plains, then these parts receive good rainfall. On the other hand, whenever the axis moves closer to the Himalayas, there are longer dry spells in the plains, and widespread rainfall in the mountain catchments of Himalayan rivers.
(vii) Why is monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer:
The integrative effect of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent is quite evident. A repetitive cycle of the seasons is provided by the seasonal changes in wind patterns and related meteorological conditions. Even the monsoon is characterized by uncertainty and uneven distribution of rainfall. The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar and the lives of the people (including their festivals) revolve around this event. Year after year, the people of India eagerly wait for the arrival of monsoon from north to south and from east to west. These monsoon winds bind the entire country by providing water to accelerate agricultural activities. The river basins carrying this water also unite as a single river basin unit.
3. Why does rainfall decrease from east to west in northern India?
Answer:
The winds lose moisture content as they move in that direction. Hence, the reason for the decrease in rainfall.
4. Give reasons why.
(i) There is a seasonal reversal of the direction of the winds in the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
1. Seasonal change in wind direction due to air pressure difference.
2. El Nino plays a major role.
(ii) Most of the rainfall in India is concentrated in a few months.
Answer:
Rainfall is dependent on the southwest monsoon winds; It progresses rapidly and covers large areas of the country by July.
(iii) Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
Answer:
This is due to the north-east monsoon winds.
(iv) The delta region of the east coast is frequently affected by cyclones.
Answer:
Frequent pressure changes are encountered in the Bay of Bengal.
(v) Rajasthan, parts of Gujarat and the windward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Answer:
Because they fall in the rain shadow area of Aravalli mountain.
5. With the help of suitable examples describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India.
Answer:
The winter season in North India starts in mid-November and lasts till February.
The coldest months in the northern section of India are December and January. The temperature decreases from south to north. The average temperature of Chennai on the east coast ranges between 24°-25°C, while it ranges between 10°C and 15°C in the northern plains. The days are hot, and the nights are cold. Frost is common in the north, and snow occurs on the higher slopes of the Himalayas.
In March, the highest temperature is around 38 °C, recorded on the Deccan Plateau. In April, the temperature in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh remains around 42 degree Celsius. In May, a temperature of 45°C is common in the northwestern parts of the country. In peninsular India, the temperature remains low due to the moderating influence of the oceans.
6. Discuss the mechanism of monsoon.
Answer:
(a) The different heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure over the landmass of India while comparatively high pressure is experienced around the ocean.
(b) Variation of the position of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Gangetic Plain. (This is the equatorial trough, which is generally located at about 5°N of the equator. During the monsoon season, it is sometimes referred to as the monsoon trough.)
(c) Presence of a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar at about 20°S. The Indian monsoon is impacted by the strength and location of this high pressure region.
(d) The Tibetan Plateau gets extremely hot during summer, resulting in strong vertical air currents and low pressure formation over the plateau about 9 km above sea level.
(e) Movement of westerly jet stream north of the Himalayas and presence of tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.
7. Describe the weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Answer:
The winter season in North India starts in mid-November and lasts till February. The coldest months in the northern section of India are December and January. The temperature decreases on going from south to north. Chennai, located on the east coast, has an average temperature of 24°-25° Celsius. Whereas, in the northern plains it remains between 10°C to 15°C. Here the days are hot and the nights are cold. Frost is common in the north, and snow occurs on the higher slopes of the Himalayas. The north-east trade winds blow over the country in this season.
They flow from land to sea, and so, for most of the country, it is the dry season. These winds bring some amount of rainfall along the Tamil Nadu coast as they blow from sea to land. In the northern part of the country, a weak high pressure area develops, with light winds blowing out of the region. Influenced by the relief, these winds blow through the Ganges valley from the west and north-west. The weather is generally marked by clear skies, low temperatures and low humidity, and weak, variable winds.
A characteristic feature of the winter season in the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and north-west. These low pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and enter India with the westerly flow. They cause winter rains in the plains and snowfall in the mountains. Although the total amount of winter rainfall (known locally as ‘mahawat’) is low, yet they are of utmost importance for the cultivation of ‘rabi’ crops. The peninsular region does not have a well defined winter season. There is hardly any noticeable seasonal variation in temperature patterns during winter due to the moderating influence of the ocean.
NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4
8. Describe the characteristics and effects of monsoon rains in India.
Answer:
Unlike the trades, the monsoon is not a stationary wind, but is pulsating in nature influenced by various atmospheric conditions that come in the way of warm tropical seas.The monsoon season lasts from early June to mid-September for approximately 100 and 120 days.At the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall suddenly increases and continues for several consecutive days. In contrast to pre-monsoon rainfall, this is referred to as the monsoon’s “burst.”The monsoon usually reaches the southern tip of the Indian peninsula by the first week of June.
After this, it splits further into two: the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai about ten days later, around 10 June. That’s pretty rapid progress. Additionally moving quickly, the Bay of Bengal branch reaches Assam in the first week of June.The high mountains cause the monsoon winds to be diverted to the west over the Gangetic plains. By the middle of June, the Arabian Sea branch of monsoon covers Saurashtra-Kutch and the central part of the country.
The monsoon branches of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal meet in the northwestern part of the Gangetic plains. Delhi usually receives monsoon showers from the Bay of Bengal branch by the end of June (tentative date is June 29).Western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, and eastern Rajasthan all experience the monsoon by the first week of July.By mid-July, the monsoon covers Himachal Pradesh and the rest of the country.
Class 9 Geography Chapter 4
climate summary
Chapter 4 – Climate of NCERT Geography Class 9 talks about one of the most important factors of human existence, i.e. climate. The climatic conditions of an area determine the livelihood of the people of that particular area. Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area over a long period of time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere in an area at any given time.
Students will also study various other factors affecting the climate of a country. Below are the two important topics that the students will study in this chapter:
1. Climate Control
2. Factors affecting the climate of India
latitude
Height
pressure and air
3. Indian Monsoon
4. Seasons
cold weather season
hot weather season
rainy season
withdrawal/post monsoon
5. Distribution of rainfall
The world is divided into several climatic zones, and climate plays a very important role in determining the lifestyle of people, the types of vegetation and animals that can survive in specific climatic conditions. The entire existence of living beings revolves around climatic conditions, and students will study this in this chapter.
To get chapter-wise answers for History, Geography, Political Science and Economics textbooks, visit the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science page.
Disclaimer:
Topics omitted – Jet Stream, Western Cyclonic Disturbance, Indian Monsoon, Onset and Withdrawal of Monsoon and related Fig. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.6.
Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4
What are jet streams, as explained in Chapter 4 of the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography?
The jet stream is a narrow band of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed ranges from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. Many different jet streams have been identified, and the most stable jet streams are the mid-latitude and subtropical jet streams. They cause depression during the monsoon season. Other important concepts of this chapter can be learned efficiently by referring to the NCERT Solutions created by the subject experts at NCERTALLSOLUTION.
What are the main topics covered in Chapter 4 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography?
The main topics covered in Chapter 4 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography are
1. Climate Control
2. Factors affecting the climate of India
a) latitude
b) height
c) pressure and wind
3. Indian Monsoon
4. Seasons
a) cold weather season
b) hot weather season
c) rainy season
d) Withdrawal/Post Monsoon
NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4
5. Distribution of rainfall
How can I use the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 PDF from NCERT Solutions to prepare effectively for my CBSE Term II exam?
You can access the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 PDF from NCERTALLSOLUTION by clicking on the attached download link. Also, you can use these solutions to know the correct answers to the questions present in their prescribed CBSE textbook. All the solutions created are very accurate and based on the latest CBSE syllabus and guidelines. Importantly, you can use the solution PDF for revision purposes, as it contains all the main topics being highlighted. Both chapter-wise and exercise-wise solutions are available to help students boost their CBSE Term II exam preparation.